Corn (Zea Mays L.) resistance to mycotoxin-producing fungi: Genetic and agronomic approaches to reduce contamination

This study investigates the genetic, physiological, and biochemical traits associated with drought tolerance and mycotoxin resistance in five corn cultivars: Pioneer 30F35, Dekalb DKC63-55, Golden Harvest G12W66, AgriGold A6533, and Channel 214-00. SNP markers linked to water-use efficiency (WUE) and proline accumulation were found in Pioneer 30F35 and Channel 214-00, suggesting a genetic basis for drought resilience. Biocontrol application reduced aflatoxin levels by 55% in Channel 214-00 and AgriGold A6533, demonstrating effective mycotoxin management. Physiological responses, including proline and soluble sugar accumulation, contributed to osmotic adjustment, while enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity mitigated oxidative stress in Pioneer 30F35 and Dekalb DKC63-55. Root architecture and hydraulic conductance supported water uptake, and crop rotation with non-host plants significantly decreased soil fungal inoculum. These findings provide a comprehensive approach for selecting drought-tolerant and mycotoxin-resistant cultivars, potentially enhancing food security and sustainability in stress-prone environments. Future studies should explore synergistic genetic and agronomic practices to improve stress resilience.