The effect of exercise to cardiac fibrosis in mice with non-communicable diseases, especially myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus: A literature review

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic disease caused by multifactor mainly unhealthy lifestyle and are still have one of the highest mortality rate in the world.  Cardiovascular manifestations are commonly found in several type of NCDs such as heart disease and diabetes Mellitus (DM). One of that cardiovascular manifestation is cardiac remodeling especially cardiac fibrosis. Regular exercise has been considered as the effective method to improve cardiovascular function in NCD patients especially heart disease and DM, it also can reduce cardiac fibrosis in mice with NCD. This review aims summarize the effect of various exercise to cardiac fibrosis in mice with NCD especially myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus. From six studies that reviewed in this article, five of them found that exercise can reduce cardiac fibrosis in mice with myocardial infarction or diabetic mice. Further study is required to determine the effect of various exercise type, intensity, and intervention period to cardiac remodeling, especially cardiac fibrosis, in mice with other NCDs.