Effect of temperature on productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sown during the fall in southern Sonora, Mexico

During the last ten years, the agricultural area in southern Sonora, Mexico, has had greater hourly temperature oscillation associated to the growth cycle of common bean sown during the fall. The objective of this work was to evaluate the thermal impact caused by the high frequency of extreme temperatures on production of commercial bean during the fall-winter season 2021-2022. Four commercial fields were selected based on the irrigation system used (drip and gravity), two in each of the Yaqui and Mayo Valleys. Weather data were recorded by the automated weather station network of Sonora closest to each field and also from digital sensors installed within the crop. The results obtained indicated that the temperature recorded with the digital sensor, provided better relationship with the data taken in the commercial bean fields than the temperature recorded by the weather stations. The periods of extreme temperature ≥ 33 °C affected production of trifoliates, flowers, and pods in both cultivars evaluated Pinto Saltillo and Azufrado Higuera. The highest grain yield 3,860 kg ha-1 was obtained in the drip irrigated field in the Mayo Valley with a total water sheet of 42 cm, followed by the gravity irrigated field in the Yaqui Valley with 3,560 kg ha-1 and a total water sheet of 62 cm.