Effects of paper wasp (Polistes flavus) venom toxins on lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity in blood serum, liver and muscles of albino mice

In the present investigation, in vivo effects of wasp toxin were evaluated on lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity in serum, liver and gastrocnemius muscles of albino mice. A significant elevation was observed in LDH activity in serum, liver and muscles, while the activity of AChE was decreased in serum, liver and gastrocnemius muscles of albino mice after injected the sub lethal dose of Polistes flavus venom. Increase in the activity of LDH shows liver damage, massive disintegration and necrosis of hepatic cells and leakage of the enzyme into the circulation. High LDH level causes intense stress and hypertension and did a significant increase in the rate of oxidation in animals. Therefore, elevation in LDH level increases the glucose catabolism for energy production especially in anaerobic condition. Besides this, increased level of LDH in muscle and liver cells shows insufficient oxygen supply. In experimental animals accumulation of acetylcholine may lead to prolonged activation of acetylcholine receptors and a permanent stimulation of nerves and muscle cells resulting in muscular paralysis and finally imposed death in experimental animals. Contrary to this, in vitro study of wasp venom toxins directly affected the lactic dehydrogenase activity while the venom toxin of the Polistes flavus not directly affects the acetyl cholinesterase in the serum of the albino mice.