Innovative solutions for food security and energy transition through sustainable fertilizer production techniques

Global challenges in food security, energy transition, and sustainable agriculture necessitate innovative approaches to address intertwined socioeconomic and environmental issues. The demand for food continues to rise with population growth, while the agricultural sector faces mounting pressures from climate change, resource depletion, and escalating energy costs. Simultaneously, the transition to renewable energy is reshaping global energy systems, prompting the need for agricultural solutions that are both energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable. Fertilizer production, a cornerstone of modern agriculture, is energy-intensive and a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, transitioning toward sustainable fertilizer production techniques is paramount in achieving food security and supporting the energy transition. This review explores innovative solutions that integrate renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and biomass, into fertilizer manufacturing processes, thereby reducing carbon footprints and improving energy efficiency. It also examines advancements in precision agriculture technologies and bio-based fertilizers, which minimize nutrient waste and environmental impacts while enhancing soil health. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential of circular economy principles, such as recycling organic waste and recovering nutrients, to create sustainable fertilizer systems. By narrowing the focus, the paper emphasizes scalable, region-specific strategies that align with global sustainability goals, particularly in energy-deficient and climate-vulnerable regions. Collaborative efforts involving policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders are critical to driving innovation and fostering the adoption of these technologies. The findings underline that sustainable fertilizer production is a pivotal element in securing global food systems and achieving a balanced energy transition, ultimately contributing to climate resilience and ecological balance.