Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of contraceptive use among senior high school students in Hohoe, Ghana: Addressing barriers to adolescent sexual health.

Adolescents’ limited knowledge and negative perceptions about contraception contribute significantly to high rates of unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Ghana. This study examines the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of contraceptive use among students at Evangelical Presbyterian Senior High School (HEPSS) in Hohoe Municipality in the Volta Region of Ghana. Despite increased awareness about sexual health, numerous barriers—including social stigma, fear of side effects, lack of confidentiality, and cultural expectations—prevent adolescents from accessing or using contraceptives effectively. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted with 30 students aged 15 and older, exploring their awareness of contraceptives, factors influencing their use, and the socio-cultural dynamics shaping their attitudes.
Results indicate that a significant number of students (87%) were unaware of contraceptives, misconceptions and fear of judgment of the usage of contraception remain prevalent, 63.3% of the respondents are sexually active. Many adolescents feel uncomfortable discussing contraceptive use due to parental disapproval and societal stigma, 50% of the respondents discuss contraception with peers limiting their ability to make informed choices. Only a minority (26.7%) actively use contraception, reflecting both a lack of accessibility and perceived societal discouragement. The findings suggest a critical need for comprehensive, youth-focused sexual health education and improved access to contraceptive services in schools. By addressing these barriers, policy makers and health educators can foster a supportive environment that empowers adolescents to make informed reproductive choices, reducing rates of unintended pregnancies and improving overall adolescent health.