Risk factors causing Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in toddlers in Indonesia: A literature review

Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARTI) is a respiratory tract disease that can lead to various illnesses, ranging from asymptomatic conditions to fatal ones. In Indonesia, the mortality rate caused by pneumonia ranks second with a total of 217 cases. Generally, the risk factors for ARTI occurrence include individual factors, environmental factors, and behavioral factors. The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of ARTI in toddlers in Indonesia. The research method utilized is a literature review, which involves searching for research articles from the electronic database Google Scholar using keywords such as ARTI, smoking habits, risk factors, and toddlers. The research findings indicate that the main risk factors for ARTI occurrence are smoking habits (5 articles), indoor air humidity (2 articles), nutritional status (2 articles), and immunization status (2 articles). From the research findings, it can be concluded that the occurrence of ARTI is caused by risk factors such as smoking habits among family members, indoor air humidity, nutritional status, and immunization status in toddlers. Prevention of ARTI can be achieved by improving nutritional status and ensuring complete immunization for toddlers.