Spread of infectious diseases by microorganisms present in fomites

Fomites, inanimate objects that can carry infectious agents, play a critical role in the spread of infectious diseases. Despite advances in sanitation and hygiene practices, fomites remain a significant vector for the transmission of various pathogens, particularly in healthcare settings and densely populated environments. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which microorganisms are transmitted through fomites, the types of diseases commonly spread in this way and the factors that influence fomite-based transmission. Strategies for mitigating the risk of fomite-based disease spread are also discussed, highlighting the importance of targeted hygiene interventions, material design and environmental decontamination.