STEM education advancements in African contexts: A comprehensive review

In the rapidly evolving global landscape, STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education stands as a pivotal factor in driving economic growth and technological advancement, particularly in the African context, where it faces unique challenges and opportunities. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the advancements, challenges, and future prospects of STEM education in African contexts, exploring the historical evolution, current state, and key challenges of STEM education, along with the innovations, roles of government and non-governmental organizations, and comparative analysis with global trends. The paper methodically examines various facets of STEM education in Africa, including its historical background, current practices, challenges, and innovations. It delves into the role of digital technologies, gender dynamics, collaborative efforts, and international partnerships in STEM education. It employs a systematic literature review approach and focuses on peer-reviewed articles and scientific reports to comprehensively understand the subject. The study concludes that STEM education in Africa is marked by challenges such as resource limitations, gender disparities, and inadequate teacher training, but also highlights significant innovations and the potential for technological integration. The paper recommends policy reforms focusing on teacher training, curriculum development, resource allocation, and gender equity, emphasizing the need for leveraging technological innovations and fostering international collaborations for the advancement of STEM education in Africa.