Dentin matrix protein-1 in oral biology research: Narrative review

Dentin matrix protein (DMP-1) is a matrix protein other than collagen that is present in dentin and bone mineralization. It could attach Ca2+ ions to control hydroxyapatite formation and promote odontoblast cellular proliferation into odontoblast-like cells. DMP-1 is a mineralized dentin structure protein that is also synthesized in nonmineralized tissues and essential to the development of mineralized tissue by initiating deposition and modulating mineral treatment. DMP-1, DMP-2, DSP, and DMP-4 are the four proteins that make up this group. DMP-1 demonstrated to affect an extensive array of capabilities, including stem cell and preosteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and development, as well as matrix mineralization. DMP-1 was discovered within the mineralizing globules, suggesting that it play a role in matrix-mediated hydroxyapatite nucleation. The preformed hydroxyapatite is exposed to the extracellular fluid by the crystals that are produced through the matrix vesicle membrane. Although the extracellular fluid generally contains enough Ca2+ and PO4 3- to allow ongoing crystal multiplication and growth, fresh crystal formation requires some local circumstances in the matrix around the vesicles. DMP-1 and other signaling molecules may have an impact cells that are capable at the repair site of additional stimuli the host tissue's contribution, resulting in the development of a functionally active tissue and physically identical to physiologic dentin. The main objective of this research is to emphasize the critical functions of DMP-1 and give the most recent data regarding its use to dental science.
Conclusion: DMP-1 is vital in providing protection in osteogenesis, amelogenesis, dentinogenesis, and dental pulp regeneration. It demonstrates that DMP-1 plays an essential impact in odontoblast protection, ameloblasts, osteoblast, and osteocyte maturation.