Real-time animal monitoring system using pulse, temperature, and GPS sensor

GPS tracking systems utilize the Global Positioning System (GPS) to monitor device movements and determine precise locations. In recent years, GPS technology has been extensively used in navigation applications, providing directions and creating digital maps. This technology has proven indispensable to various professionals, including pilots, surveyors, farmers, boat captains, military personnel, and scientists. Additionally, GPS systems are employed to track animals, offering insights into their behaviors, and locations, and helping to protect endangered species. Various tracking technologies, such as scale clapping, radar, acoustic telemetry, radio tags, Xirgo XT-200, geolocators, GSM mobile phone telemetry, and pop-up satellite archival tags, have been used. This paper focuses on a GPS-based tracking system that collects data through various sensors and processes it using an AVR microcontroller. We measure environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity (using the DTH11 sensor) and monitor pulse rates alongside GPS-derived location data of tracked animals. By scientifically collecting and analyzing this data, we can better understand the condition, movement patterns, and behaviors of wild animals, domestic animals, and pets, enhancing efforts to care for and protect them.