Green tea and green coffee for cardiac fibrosis treatment: A review

Cardiac fibrosis, marked by excessive collagen accumulation and tissue remodelling, is a key factor in heart dysfunction across various cardiovascular conditions. With limited effective treatments currently available, there is growing interest in exploring natural therapies like green tea and green coffee for their potential antifibrotic properties. Both beverages contain bioactive compounds, such as catechins and caffeic acid, known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. Green tea has been shown to reduce oxidative stress, lower fibrosis-related markers, and limit collagen deposition in heart tissue. Similarly, caffeic acid from coffee has demonstrated the ability to block fibrosis-driving pathways, such as TGF-β1 signalling, and support cardiac recovery following myocardial infarction. Moreover, the combined use of green tea and decaffeinated green coffee has been found to improve metabolic health by influencing cardiac insulin pathways, which could help mitigate fibrosis in metabolic syndrome models. This review consolidates recent evidence on the mechanisms and benefits of green tea and green coffee in addressing cardiac fibrosis. It highlights their potential as accessible, non-invasive treatment options and underscores the need for further studies to confirm their therapeutic applications in clinical settings.