Cell viability studies using human gingival fibroblast, human oral fibroblast cells and mechanical characterization of Calcite/Zincite nanoparticles

Antibiotics are rapidly being replaced with nanoparticles (NPs) in order to eradicate bacteria and other organisms. Nanotechnology, in particular, could be useful in the fight against bacterial pandemics. Although the precise processes are still unknown, it is now understood that metal ion release, the induction of oxidative stress, and non-oxidative mechanisms all contribute to NPs' antibacterial effects. Because many gene alterations in the same bacterial cell are needed for the numerous concurrent modes of action against microorganisms, it is challenging for bacteria to develop NP resistance. As a result, this study also focuses on analyzing the antibacterial activity of the created nanoparticles.  The use of PMMA in dentistry demonstrates the necessity for fillers to be added to PMMA to improve its performance. Nano fillers such as ZnO and CaCO3 have unique uses in the field of dentistry due to their advanced features, which include antibacterial activity. However, no study has been conducted to yet on the synthesis of the nanomaterial composed of calcium carbonate and zinc oxide. As a result, an attempt is made in this study, which combines calcium carbonate (calcite) and zinc oxide (zincate), synthesized using precipitation method.  Various amounts of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and human oral fibroblasts (HOF) were applied to test samples and found as non-toxic. The density increase for composites made by using precipitation method, NPs is about 45% of the PMMA. Shore hardness tests reveal an increasing trend in the hardness of the composites up to 4.5%.