Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in hospitalized infants

Iron is vital, as it is essential for many metabolic processes, including oxygen transport, electron transport, DNA synthesis and repair. Iron balance in the body is regulated carefully so that iron losses are compensated by sufficient iron absorption. Iron deficiency is a common cause of anemia and is typically due to insufficient intake, poor absorption or overt or occult blood loss. The World Health Organization has recognized iron deficiency anemia as the most common nutritional deficiency in the world with 30% of the population being affected. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in 152 hospitalized infants between 1-12 months old. Iron deficiency anemia resulted highly prevalent in this age group, 45% of infants had Hemoglobin level <10g/dl. Despite nutrition, there are other social-economic factors that play a role in the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in infants. Conclusively it is stated that, as iron deficiency impairs neurologic development and growth in infants, an adequate clinical attention and evaluation should be directed towards it. Routine screening starting at 9 to 12 months is recommended to help preventing the development of anemia. It is also important adequate weaning and early introduction of iron-rich foods, 4-6 months of age.