Analysis of community perspectives regarding the hygiene-sanitation and socio-economic factors influencing the occurrence of diarrhea in toddlers: A literature review

Diarrhea is a disease that causes the second highest morbidity and mortality rate in toddlers after pneumonia. Poor and developing countries generally exhibit high incidence rates of diarrhea, thus diarrhea is often associated with poor socio-economic conditions and inadequate sanitation. Understanding the caregivers' perspectives on the factors contributing to diarrhea is crucial for the prevention and management of diarrhea, aiming to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates among toddlers. The aim of this research is to analyze the community perspectives on the factors of hygiene-sanitation and socio-economic factors influencing the occurrence of diarrhea in toddlers. The research methodology employed is a literature review, which assesses the occurrence of diarrhea in toddlers based on both hygiene-sanitation factors and socio-economic factors from the community's perspective. The data used consists of a minimum of 10 scientific journals obtained from Google Scholar and ResearchGate databases. The research findings indicate that, in terms of hygiene-sanitation, the factors contributing to diarrhea include the lack of cleanliness and hygiene practices implemented by caregivers of toddlers, untreated or unprotected water sources, inadequate availability of water, low utilization of sanitation facilities, unhygienic living conditions, and water contamination during the rainy season. Meanwhile, in terms of socio-economic factors, it is influenced by the knowledge and education of caregivers, financial status, resource limitations, and community acceptance of interventions for improving water, sanitation, and hygiene. From these results, it can be concluded that there is a correlation between the risk factors of diarrhea and the occurrence of diarrhea in toddlers, as observed from both hygiene-sanitation and socio-economic perspectives.