Pseudo-static slope stability analysis and numerical settlement assessment of rubble mound breakwater under hydrodynamic conditions

This research focuses on the slope stability analysis of rubble mound breakwaters using the Bishop method, with a specific application to the Chamkhaleh Port in the Caspian Sea region. The study emphasizes the criticality of slope stability in coastal engineering to protect shorelines from erosion and damage caused by waves and currents. The Bishop method is employed in the analysis, allowing a comprehensive assessment of breakwater stability by considering soil properties, slope geometry, and external forces. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the impact of various parameters on breakwater stability, enabling optimization of the design and identification of potential failure mechanisms. Additionally, the research addresses numerical settlement analysis using the finite element method. The finite element method proves effective in handling complex geometries and boundary conditions, accurately capturing deformational changes caused by breakwater construction under short-term and long-term conditions. The settlement analysis results indicate acceptable maximum settlements within the project area. To ensure the reliability of the breakwater, geotechnical investigations are conducted to determine the minimum channel slope and allowable distance from the breakwater edge, crucial parameters for achieving acceptable static and pseudo-static safety coefficients. The breakwater's overall stability is assessed, and the factor of safety is quantified to evaluate the probability of slope failure and associated risks. The findings demonstrate the satisfactory stability and settlement performance of the Chamkhaleh breakwater project, affirming its effectiveness in providing coastal protection for the port.