Analysis of groundwater parameters in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh using GIS-based & change detection maps

Groundwater is an essential and vital component of all life support systems. It is not only a basic need of human existence, but an essential contribution to all development activities. Groundwater quality in the Lucknow region is of particular importance and requires a lot of attention from all stakeholders. Because it is a major alternative resource for household, industrial, drinking and irrigation. The development of GIS based maps and change detection will help in evaluation of the risk at groundwater quality of Lucknow district, all the 8 blocks are considered for the evaluation with parameters Magnesium and Chloride with which 22 spatial maps are prepared from ArcGIS 10.8.2 software (2021). The further assessment was carried out with change detection for the years 2011 to 2021; with year 2011 as the base year the 20 change detection maps are prepared with the help of ArcGIS Pro software (2023) the data for the same has been taken from the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and Groundwater Year Book, Uttar Pradesh. It was found that the highest change value with 44.0413 in Chinhat block in year 2011 intersection with 2019 for parameter magnesium and least change was in 2011 intersection with 2021 with -24.2411 in Sarojini Nagar block. Differences in change values ​​can be seen using plot graphs and maps. The limit standards prescribed for the parameters follow the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS): IS 10500-2012 and World Health Organization (WHO) IS: 2011.