Radial localization of a giant cell tumor: Case report and review of the literature

Introduction: Giant cell tumors (GCT) of bone are rare borderline mesenchymal tumors of local malignancy. They affect the metaphyso-epiphyseal regions of the long bones as well as the axial skeleton. Its localization at the radius is little described in the literature and its main treatment remains cancinological surgery. The aim of this case report is to review the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this rare tumor entity.
Observation: A 52-year-old, right-handed female patient presented for consultation in January 2020 with the appearance of a mass on the back of her right hand, painful and gradually increasing in size. X-rays showed a lytic and blowing lesion of the distal third of the radius as well as the carpal bones with thickening and infiltration of the peri-articular soft tissues. A CT scan was then perfomed to assess the extent of the lesion, particularly in terms of the radial head and the joint. No secondary localization was found. She underwent three incomplete surgeries with local relapse each time. Histological examination of the resection specimen from the last surgery showed a giant cell tumor, with a deep tumor border. She was referred to radiotherapy consultation to discuss this adjuvant therapeutic modality, but before the multidisciplinary decision was taken, she had a local recurrence, for which a carcinological amputation was decided in agreement with the patient.
Conclusion: Distal radial localization of giant cell tumors is rare. Positive diagnosis remains histological, and treatment consists of carcinological surgery to avoid tumor recurrence.