5G deployment strategies: Challenges and opportunities: A comparative review for Africa and the USA

The deployment of 5G technology represents a transformative leap in telecommunications, promising unparalleled speed, connectivity, and innovation. This paper conducts a comparative review of 5G deployment strategies, focusing on the unique challenges and opportunities faced by Africa and the USA. The analysis explores the contextual differences in regulatory frameworks, investment climates, and technological landscapes between the two regions. Addressing the challenges of infrastructure development, spectrum allocation, and socioeconomic considerations, the paper highlights the diverse pathways each region is taking toward 5G adoption. Additionally, the study identifies common opportunities, such as the potential for leapfrogging technologies in Africa and leveraging existing infrastructure in the USA. By understanding the distinct dynamics at play, this comparative review aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers navigating the complex terrain of 5G deployment in diverse global contexts.