Cumulative impact assessment of groundwater quality using water quality index, leachate pollution index, and GIS: A case study of Shivri Municipal Landfill Site, Lucknow, India

In the study, the groundwater quality near a dump in Lucknow City, Uttar Pradesh, India, is analyzed. To assess the quality of the groundwater and leachate close to the site, the leachate pollution index (LPI) and water quality index (WQI) have been calculated. Significant levels of contaminants were present at the dump site, as shown by the extremely high LPI score (28.45). 40% of the groundwater specimens are excellent, and 60% of the groundwater is in the good category, according to the WQI calculation for the groundwater samples and the map created for the WQI analysis that shows its regional distribution. the spatial distribution of WQI illustrates that the majority of the region around the site of the landfill is in the good category and the remaining is in the excellent category. The experimental result of the physicochemical analysis for groundwater revealed that water is satisfactory and fit for drinking and other domestic use and only some parameters like total alkalinity, total hardness, EC, TDS, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and sulfate are above the desirable limit set by Indian standard. In order to prevent and protect against the risk of groundwater contamination from leachate, this study also highlights the significance of LPI and WQI as monitoring tools for government agencies and policymakers.