The role of bone morphogenic protein 2 in composite scaffolds in tissue engineering: Narrative review

Background: Tissue engineering is currently used as an alternative treatment to accelerate bone tissue regeneration. Composite scaffolds play a role in osteoinduction and can enhance cell proliferation. The addition of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to the scaffold can promote cell migration, cell proliferation, and the differentiation of genes related to osteogenesis.
Methods: This paper employs a narrative review and searches through PubMed, Sage Journal, and Science Direct for studies published in the last 5 years, using keywords such as "Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2," "BMP-2," "Composite Scaffold," and "Tissue Engineering," resulting in the identification of 20 relevant journals.
Discussion: The release of BMP-2 on composite scaffolds enhances osteogenic differentiation and cell proliferation to accelerate bone tissue regeneration. Osteogenic differentiation occurs through the activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway by BMP-2, which then promotes the migration of endothelial cells and osteoblasts to the surrounding tissue, thereby speeding up bone formation.
Conclusion: The application of BMP-2 on composite scaffolds can be used for tissue engineering.